Hair waving apparatus



w. H. H. DAVIS 1,972,186

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Sept. 4, 1934.

Filed Sept. 28, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet l F'IE IL INVENTOR. IN Wfi /7 1701 45 '2 F I I5 4 ATTORNE Patented Sept. 4, 1934' UNITED STATES HAIR WAVING APPARATUS William H. E. Davis, San Francisco, Calif., as-

signor to United States Appliance Corporation,

San Francisco, fornia Oalif., a corporation of Cali- Application September 26, 1932, Serial No.,634,861

' 5 Claims. (Cl. 219-24) This invention relates generally to apparatus and methods for the waving of human hair, where heat is employed to render the wave permanent or durable. It relates more particularly to apparatus ofthis character which are employed in beautyparlors by professional operators.

In the past commercial hair waving equipment has almost universally utilized small individual electrical heaters for heating or steaming the wound strands'of hair, to render the wave permanent. For example in utilizing equipment of the socalled croquignole type, the operator first engaged a clamping device or protector with a flattened strand of hair, adjacent the scalp. After the extending strand of hair has been combed and flattened, the operator then commences to wind it upon a small curler or waving form, beginning at the tip of the strand, and winding toward the protector. After the curler has been mounted upon the protector, and the strand properly tensioned, a flannel pad, moistened with a suitable waving solution, is placed over the curler and the wound hair, and a small electrical heater is then applied. Rather than to separately heat or steam the separate wound strands of hair as they are prepared, usually a complete head of hair is prepared with the separate strands wound upon the curlers, and then theheaters are applied to the curlers for a single simultaneous heating operation.

croquignole waving apparatus such as described above is necessarily characterized by the use of a undue baking of the hair.

large number of electrical heaters for waving a single head of hair, and these heaters must be connected by flexible electrical cords, to a source of current supply. Generally the flexible electrical cords are carried upon reels, which in turn are mounted in an overhead canopy. The disadvantages inherent in the use of electrical heaters of this character are as follows: Unless the operator is highly skilled the heating may be prolonged to such an extent as to cause burning or Likewise as long as the current is applied to the heating elements, a definite degree of heat is supplied, which is not conducive to best waving. Because of the connection between the heaters and the overhead canopy, the subjectduring the heating operation is definitely confined to a given position. With respect to cost of construction, electrical heaters together with an overhead canopy are necessarily relatively expensive to manufacture. 7

It is an object of'the present invention to devise a hair waving apparatus and method which apply varying degrees of heat during a steaming operation in such a manner as to be conducive to the best possible waving efiect.

Another object of the invention is to provide hair waving apparatus which will avoid the use of conventional electrical heaters with an overhead canopy, and which will be relatively cheap to manufacture and simple to 'operate.

Further. objects of the invention will appear from the following description which the preferred embodiments of my invention have been set forth in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that the appended claims are to be accorded a range of equivalents consistent with the state of the prior art. 7

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevational view partly in cross section, illustrating. one form of preheater, which can be utilized in my apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line 33 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a cross sectional detail, taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a cross sectional detail, illustrating a heat storage device, such as utilized in my apparatus. i

Fig. 6 is a side elevational View, partly in cross section, illustrating the heat storage device of Fig. 5 applied to wound hair in a waving operation.

Fig. '7 is a front elevational view, illustrating a modified form of preheater.

Fig. 8 is an end view of the preheater shown/in i '7. v

Fig. 9 is a cross sectional detail, taken along the line 9-9 of Fig. 7. s

Fig. 10 is a cross sectional detail, taken along the line 10-10 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is across sectional detail, illustrating a suitable construction for the heating rods utilized in the cabinet of Figs. 7 to 10 inclusive.

Fig. 12 is a circuit diagram illustrating the manner in which the resistance elements of the heating rods, are connected toa source of current supply.

In general my apparatus may utilize conven-' tional forms of devices for retaining the strands of hair in wound condition upon waving forms or in cabinet form. Referring to the drawings, one

suitable form of preheater is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4. This preheater consists of a casing or cabinet 10, provided with front and rear walls 11 and 12, inner and outer end walls 13 and 14, and an upper perforated wall 16. The spaced end walls 13 and 14 define compartments 17 to facilitate making electrical connections. The entire cabinet and its associated parts are shown supported by a suitable adjustable stand v18.

Extending between the walls 14, are a plural-. ity of electrically heated rods 21. .4 construction which can be utilized for these electrically heated rods, is illustrated in detail in Figs. 3 and 4. In this case each rod consists of a tubular metal casing 22within which there is an electrical heating element 23. The connector box 24, carried by one endof the heating element 23, is positioned within one of the side compartments 17. Likewise extending longitudinally within casing 22, there is a thermostat 26, the electrical contacts of which are arranged within a suitable connector box 2'7. Since electrical heating elements and thermostats are well known in the art, the speciflc construction of those illustrated need not be described in detail. It may be stated however that the contacts of the thermostats are associated with the electrical circuit for the heating elements, in such a manner as to maintain a predetermined desired temperature. In order that this temperature may be under the regulation of the operator, I have shown a control shaft 29 extending from box 27, and provided with a controlbutton 31 externally, of the adjacent end wall 13. If desired a separate thermostat may be incurported with each of the electrically heated rods 21. However a fair degree of regulation can also be secured if a single thermostat, inconjunction with one of the electrically heated rods, is arf ranged to control the current supply to allof the rods. V Arranged between rods 21 are upright baflie walls 30, which together with other upright walls of the cabinet, form flues for upwardly flo convection currents of air.

A suitable form of heat storage device is illustrated in Figs. 5 and 8, designated generally at 32. This device consistsof a pair of heat storage elements 33, made of suitable material, such as aluminum, which may be curvedas shown in order to facilitate application to the wound hair. The mounting for elements 33 includes a pair of handle portions 34,'preferably made of a non-metallic material which will have relatively low heat conductivity, such as a molded phenolic condensed product. These handle portions are shown secured to metal strips 36, whichin turn are secured to the heat storage elements 33. Strips 36 are hingedly connected together by'tabs 3'7 and pivot pin 38.. A suitable spring 39, associated with pivot pin 38, serves to yieldingly urge the heat storage elements 33 together. The outer surfaces of elements 33 can be coated witha suitable enamel, to minimize dissipation of heat, and to minimize burning if accidentally contacted by the operator. v

In Fig. 6 the heat storage device 32 has been shown applied to a conventional form of croquignole curler and protector. As is well known,

. the protector, designated generally at 41, is formed 1,972,186 I of two bars 42 which are adapted be clamped together upon a strand of hair adjacent the scalp. The curler 43 is adapted to be mounted upon the protector, and it is upon this curler that the ex-v tending flattened strand of hair is wound, beginning from the tip of the strand, and winding toward the protector. Generally. aiclutch or equivalent ratcheting means cooperates between the curler and the protector, whereby the'wound hair can be tensioned by further winding of the curler,-

after it isdisposed upon the protector. Interposed between the heat storage elements 33 of the device 32-, there is a pad 44 ofiiannel or like material, which carries a suitable vaporizable waving solution. I

It will be noted that the heating rods 21 are so constructed and proportioned, that the heat storage devices 32 can be readily clipped upon the same, in substantially the same manner as they can be-clipped upon the wound hair as shown in Fig. 6. In other words the diameter of rods 21 is substantially the same as the average diameter of the wound hair to which vices are applied.

In utilizing the apparatus described above, the heat storage devices 32 which are required for the waving of a head of hair, are clipped upon the heating rods 21. ,The heat storage elements 33 are therefore heated by conduction, to a deflnite predetermined temperature, as for example 480 Fahrenheit. With the preheater shown in Fig. 1, the handle portions 34 will be lowermost,

the heat storage deso that they will not become unduly heated by warm convection currents of air. In fact, with the heat storage devices positioned upon the heating rods as shown in Fig. 1, convection currents of air passing upwardly thru the cabinet serve to continually bring cool air into-contact with the handle portions 34. The operator then commences to prepare the head of hair for a wavbeen wound upon a curler, and properly tensioned, a pad 44 moistened with a suitable waving solution is placed over the wound hair, and then one of the heat storage devices is removed from the Fig. 6. The heat stored in elements 33 will be sumcient to vaporize the waving solution carried by the pad, and to properly steam the wound hair to secure the desired waving efl'ect. Since the heat storage elements are heated to a predetermined degree, a predetermined amount of heat preheater, and applied over the pad, as shown in will be available forthe waving operation. Thus creases as the steaming operation proceeds. It

has been found that heat regulated in this manher, is conducive to optimum waving effect.

Obviously it is possible for the operator to prepare a complete head of hair with the separate strands upon the curlers or waving forms, before.

the heat storage devices are applied. However the preferable method. in order to save time, is to apply the heat storage devices to the curlers, immediately after each strand has been wound upon its curler. .By proceeding in this manner the strands to which the heat storage devices are first applied, will be completely waved, by the time the last heat storage device .is applied. Thus after applying'all of the heat storage devices, the oper- 15a 11.; ing operation. When one strand of hair has ator may immediately commence to successively remove the strands from the curlers and protectors.

In Figs. '7 to 12 inclusive, I have shown a modified form of preheater in which the heat storage devices are clipped to the heating rods by advancing the devices laterally thru one side wall of the associated cabinet. In this case the cabinet 51 consists of front and rear walls 52 and 53, end walls 54, and top and bottom walls 56 and 57. Front wall 52 is provided with a plurality of spaced parallel longitudinal openings 58, and disposed behind these openings, are the spaced parallel heating rods 59. Heating rods 59 may be constructed as illustrated in Fig. 11, in which each rod is shown formed of a metal tube 61, within which suitable heating elements are disposed. One heating elements consists of a coiled resistance conductor 62, disposed within the refractory tubes 63. A second resistance conductor 64, is disposed within refractory tubes 66 which in turn are disposed within the coiled conductor 62.

In order tocause a flow of convection currents of air inwardly thru openings 58, I provide an arrangement of baiiles including the upwardly inclined bafile walls 67. Spaced rearwardly from the inner edges of bailie walls 67, I provide an upright baiile wall 68. Convection currents of air heated by contact with rods 59 and by radiation, are caused to flow inwardly thru openings 58 and below each inclined baflie 6'7, and then upwardly along the forward face of baflle wall 68. These warm convection currents of air are finally delivered into a compartment '71 in the upper portion of the cabinet, and from this compartment are permitted to flow to the atmosphere thru side and end grills 72 and '73. Grills '74 and a 76 are also shown provided in the lower portion 40- of the cabinet, to permit additional inflow of cool air.

For convenience it is desirable to have the cabinet described above accommodate various equipment and instr ents used in the waving of hair. Therefore the cabinet has been shown provided with compartment spaces 78 and 79, accessible thru doors 81 provided in the end walls. Likewise the lower' portion of the cabinet is shown provided with a space 82, to accommodate a drawer 83. In order to have the cabinet at a convenient elevation, it is shown carried upon a supporting cabinet 84, which can likewise be utilized for storing tools and other waving appliances.

The heating rods utilized in the cabinet of Figs. 7 to 10 inclusive, are not provided with a thermostatic regulator or control, although such means can be employed if desired. However as shown in Fig. 12, the circuit connections for the resistance conductors can utilize switches or equivalent means, for securing various degrees of heat. Thus in this case resistance conductors 62 are shown connected in series, and this series circuit is adapted to be connected across the bus conductors 86 and 87, by the control switch 88. Likewise resistance conductors 64 have beenshown connected in series, and can be connected across the bus conductors 86 and 87, by the control switch 88. Likewise resistance conductors 64 have been shown connected in series, and can be connected across the bus conductors 86 and 87, by the control switch 89. Obviously one degree of heat is secured when switch 88 is closed and switch 89 open. Another degree of heat will be secured with switch 88 and switch 89 closed.

The highest degree of heat will be secured when both switches 88 and 89 are closed. Switches 88 and 89 may be conveniently located within the cabinet, and controllable by handles 88a and 89a (Fig. 8). A suitable pilot light 91 can also be connected across bus conductors 86 and 87, to indicate when these bus conductors are connected to current supply lines.

The preheater of Figs. '7 to 10 inclusive, is utilized in substantially the same manner as the preheater of Fig. 1. However in this case when the heat storage devices 32 are attached to the heating rods 59, the handle portions 34 extend laterally thru the'longitudinal openings 58, as shown in Fig. 9. However since cool air is being drawn in thru openings 58, these handle portions are kept relatively cool. 4

I claim:

1. A preheater for use in conjunction with a plurality of heat storage devices which are each formed with opposed heat storage elements adapted to engage a wound strand of hair and mounting means for said elements tending to urge the same together, said preheater comprising a cabinet, and an electrically heated rod carried by the cabinet, said rod being so dimensioned that a plurality of said devices can be engaged with the same, with' the elements of each device contacting opposite sides of said rod.

2. A preheater for use in conjunction with a plurality of heat storage devices which are each formed with opposed heat storage elements adapted to engage a wound strand of hair, said preheater comprising a cabinet, a plurality of electrically heated rods carried by the cabinet, said rods being so dimensioned that a plurality of said devices may engage the same to be heated, said cabinet being provided with openings whereby. said devices can be readily engaged and disengaged from said rods by movements of the same laterally with respect to the axis of the rods, and bafiie means mounted within said cabinet and serving to cause flow of convection currents of air inwardly thru said openings.

3. A preheater for use in conjunction with a plurality of heat storage devices which are each formed with opposed heat storage elements adapted to engage a wound strand of hair together with mounting means for said elements forming handle portions and also serving to urge the elements together, said preheater comprising a cabinethaving longitudinal openings in one wall of the same, electrically heated rods adapted to engage a wound strand of hair and mounting means for said elements tending to urge to same together, said preheater comprising a cabinet, and a heated rod carried by the cabinet, said rod being so dimensioned that a plurality of said devices can be engaged with the same, with the elements of each device contacting opposite sides of said rod, there being an opening in said cabinet to afiord access to said rod in a direction lateral with respect to its axis. 5. A preheater for use in conjunction with a plurality of heat storage devices which are each formed with opposed heat storage elements 5 adapted to engage a wound strand of hair and mounting means. for said elements tending to urge'the same together, said preheater compris- WILLIAMH. n. nAvIs; 

